What Is a Good LSAT Score Score Ranges by School

LSAT scores can range from a low of 120 to a perfect score of 180. The average LSAT score is between 150 and 151, but most students accepted to top law schools receive a score well over 160. The exam consists of four scored sections (one reading comprehension section, one analytical reasoning section, and two logical reasoning sections) and one unscored, experimental section. A separate writing section, taken remotely within a year of registering for the LSAT, is also required but not scored. LSAT Scoring Basics Each administration of the LSAT exam consists of a total of approximately 100 questions, and every question answered correctly accounts for one point of your raw score. The raw score, which can range from 0 to 100, is converted into a scaled score ranging from 120 (lowest) to 180 (highest). Raw scores of 96 and above translate to scaled scores of 175 to 180.  Note that points are given for correct responses, but are not deducted for incorrect answers. Differences in scaled and percentile scores for different test administrations are based on adjustments made for variations in exam difficulty. When you receive your LSAT score report, it will include a percentile rank. This percentile rank tells you how you compare to other applicants who took the LSAT test at the same time. It’s also a good way to gauge how competitive you are for different law schools. For example, if your percentile rank is 70% for the October LSAT exam, that means that you scored equal to or higher than 70% of test-takers, and the same or lower than 30% of test-takers who sat for the October test. Current LSAT Percentiles The Law School Admission Council (LSAC) releases LSAT score data for all tests administered during a three year period. The table represents the most current data with percentile ranks for all test administrations between June 2016 and February 2019. Overall LSAT Percentiles (2016-2019) Score Percentile Rank 180 99.9 179 99.9 178 99.9 177 99.8 176 99.7 175 99.6 174 99.3 173 99.0 172 98.6 171 98.1 170 97.4 169 96.6 168 95.5 167 94.3 166 92.9 165 91.4 164 89.4 163 87.1 162 84.9 161 82.4 160 79.4 159 76.5 158 73.6 157 70.0 156 66.4 155 62.8 154 59.0 153 55.1 152 51.1 151 47.6 150 43.9 149 40.1 148 36.3 147 32.6 146 29.7 145 26.0 144 23.0 143 20.5 142 17.7 141 15.5 140 13.3 139 11.3 138 9.6 137 8.1 136 6.8 135 5.5 134 4.7 133 3.9 132 3.2 131 2.6 130 2.0 129 1.7 128 1.3 127 1.1 126 0.9 125 0.7 124 0.6 123 0.5 122 0.4 121 0.3 120 0.0 Source: LSAC Score Distribution - Law School Admission Test The overall LSAT percentile ranking is useful for noting how your score for a specific exam compares to other applicants who sat for the same exam. However, law schools are more interested in your numerical score. The table below provides the score ranges for students accepted to top 20 law schools. LSAT Score Ranges by School The data in the table below represents the 2018 LSAT score ranges for 20 top law schools. The percentiles represent the range of LSAT scores of students who were admitted to each school. To understand the data, remember the following: 25% of admitted students scored at or below the 25th percentile score. That means 75% of admitted students got a higher score. If your score is below a certain schools 25th percentile score, your chances of admission to that school are not high.50% of admitted students scored at or below the 50th percentile score (the median). That means half of the admitted students got a higher score.75% of students scored at or below the 75th percentile score. That means 25% of admitted students got a higher score. If your score is in the 75th percentile or higher for a particular school, your odds of admission are favorable. Note that this data is specific to each school, unlike the LSAC data which is for all students who took the LSAT in a given year or years. LSAT Percentiles by School (2017-2018) Law School 25th Percentile 50th Percentile 75th Percentile Yale Law School 170 173 176 University of Chicago Law School 167 171 173 Stanford Law School 169 171 174 Harvard Law School 170 173 175 University of Virginia School of Law 163 169 171 Columbia Law School 170 172 174 NYU School of Law 167 170 172 University of Pennsylvania Law School 164 170 171 Duke University School of Law 167 169 170 Northwestern Pritzker School of Law 164 169 170 University of Michigan Law School 165 169 171 Cornell Law School 164 167 168 UC Berkeley Law 165 168 170 University of Texas at Austin School of Law 160 167 168 Vanderbilt University Law School 161 167 168 Washington University School of Law 160 168 170 Georgetown Law 163 167 168 UCLA School of Law 165 168 169 USC Gould School of Law 163 166 167 Notre Dame Law School 159 165 166 Source: American Bar Association Standard 509 Disclosure The Truth About LSAT Cutoff Scores Most law schools do not have minimum cutoff LSAT scores. The Law School Admission Council strongly discourages LSAT cutoff scores, unless the minimum score is supported by â€Å"clear evidence that those scoring below the cutoff have substantial difficulty doing satisfactory law school work.† Several top tier law schools, including Yale, Harvard, and Columbia, specifically state that they have no minimum score requirements. However, the score data for the most selective schools indicates that most successful applicants score above the 90th percentile on the LSAT. How Important Is It to Have a Good LSAT Score? A good LSAT score is perhaps the most important part of your law school application as it is ultimately a measure of your potential for success in law school. However, it is not the only significant part of your application. Your undergraduate GPA is also a strong determinate of your chances for admission to law school, so its useful to consider your index score, which takes into account your LSAT score and undergraduate GPA. Law school admissions calculators offer predictions as to how competitive your chances are to particular law schools given your undergraduate GPA and LSAT score. Beyond quantitative measures, other important factors in law school admissions include your personal statement, letters of recommendation, resume, and work experience. While these factors may have less weight in the admission process, they are essential to a successful application. In particular, a strong personal statement exhibits writing and communication skills that are vital in the legal profession.

Definition and Examples of Text Messaging

Texting is the process of sending and receiving brief written messages using a cellular (mobile) phone. Also called text messaging, mobile messaging, short mail, point-to-point short-message service, and Short Message Service (SMS). â€Å"Texting isn’t written language,†says linguist John McWhorter. It much more closely resembles the kind of language we’ve had for so many more years: spoken language (quoted by Michael C. Copeland in Wired, March 1, 2013).According to Heather Kelly of CNN, Six billion text messages are sent every day in the United States, ... and over 2.2 trillion are sent a year. Globally, 8.6 trillion text messages are sent each year, according to Portio Research. Example: When Birdy texted again, I was only a mile from Glades City, and the junkyard owned by Harris Spooner, so I was feeling tense and alone on this dark country road, until I read her message:On way home, no luck. Will call when reception better. Sorry!!! ☠ºI felt like saying Yippee! a word Ive never used, and my spirits, which had been low, rebounded. ... So I left a message, then replied to her text: Am near Glade City exit, how about glass of wine? Where U? As I hit Send, I noticed car lights behind me and was relieved when I saw that it was an eighteen-wheeler.(Randy Wayne White, Deceived. Penguin, 2013) Myths About Texting All the popular beliefs about texting are wrong, or at least debatable. Its graphic distinctiveness is not a totally new phenomenon. Nor is its use restricted to the young generation. There is increasing evidence that it helps rather than hinders literacy. And only a very tiny part of the language uses its distinctive orthography.  (David Crystal, Txtng: the Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press, 2008) Texting and Instant Messaging [A]bbreviations, acronyms, and emoticons are less prevalent in American college student IM [Instant Messaging] conversations than suggested by the popular press. To move beyond media hyperbole regarding text messaging, we need corpus-based analyses of texting.Judging from our sample, American college-student text messaging and IM differed in several interesting ways. Text messages were consistently longer and contained more sentences, probably resulting from both cost factors and the tendency for IM conversations to be chunked into sequences of short messages. Text messages contained many more abbreviations than IMs, but even the number in texting was small.  (Naomi Baron, Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World. Oxford University Press, 2008) A Good Text A good text, a well-timed text, a text that expresses some bullet of revelation, some reminder of love, some thoughtful association or ball-busting paraphrase of what we agree on reconnects us when that is all we ever wanted--connection--in the midst of the chattering, indifferent cloud of humanity.(Tom Chiarella, Rule No. 991: It Is Entirely Possible to Write a Good Text Message. Esquire, May 2015)   Teenagers and Texting In the United States, 75% of teenagers text, sending an average of 60 texts a day. According to Pew Internet research, texting is teens most common form of communication, beating out phone conversations, social networks, and old-fashioned face-to-face conversations.  (Heather Kelly, OMG, the Text Message Turns 20. But Has SMS Peaked? CNN, December 3, 2012)For teenagers now, . . . texting has been largely superseded by instant messaging--as Stephanie Lipman, a 17-year-old Londoner, explains. I did text for a while, but instant messaging is so much better-- like a constant stream-of-consciousness. You dont have to bother with Hello. How are you? or any of that. You just have this series of conversations with your friends which you can add on to when youre in the mood.  (James Delingpole, Texting Is So Last Year. Daily Telegraph, Jan. 17, 2010)[F]or young people, blogs are work, not play. A 2008 Pew research project found that while 85% of 12 to 17-year-olds engaged in electronic pe rsonal communication (including texting, email, instant messaging and commenting on social media), 60% didn’t consider these texts to be writing. Another study in 2013 revealed that teenagers still distinguish between the proper writing they do for school (which may be on blogs) and their informal, social communication.(Mel Campbell, Should We Mourn the End of Blogs? The Guardian, July 17, 2014) Textspeak in the 19th Century This S A, until U I CI pray U 2 X QsAnd do not burn in F E GMy young and wayward muse.Now fare U well, dear K T J,I trust that U R true--When this U C, then you can say,A S A I O U.(Final verses of Essay to Miss Catharine Jay in Gleanings From the Harvest-Fields of Literature, Science and Art: A Melange of Excerpta, Curious, Humorous, and Instructive, 2nd ed., collated by Charles Carroll Bombaugh. Baltimore: T. Newton Kurtz, 1860) Predictive Texting Predictive texting is a  program in many cellular (mobile) phones that predicts a complete  word  after a user has typed in just one or two  letters. [Predictive texting] significantly reduces the number of key-presses, but there are costs alongside benefits. An early study (2002) reported that only just over half the participants who had  predictive messaging  actually used it. The others did not use it for a variety of reasons. Some said it slowed them down. Some missed the option to use  abbreviations  (though one can code them in). Some said their system did not offer the right words and found the task of adding new words slow and annoying. (David Crystal,  Txtng: the Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press, 2008)[W]hile Predictive texting  might be good for the nations  spelling, it is not always easily understood. Try typing he if is cycle, hell in to get his awake and come go to red of and see what happens when the right combination of buttons throws up the wrong words. . . . Researchers might find an intriguing answer for why a kiss often turns out to be on the lips. Are chefs aged? Is it boring to be coping? Is art apt? Is it always good to be home in the hood? Or has everyone gone? And if you try and do something asap why does it often turn out crap?  (I. Hollinghead, Whatever Happened to txt lngwj:)?  The Guardian, Jan. 7, 2006)-  Concern about the widespread infiltration of text messaging conventions into  written English  may ... be misplaced, as predictive texting becomes more common and sophisticated. ... While it seems certain that our accepted notions of standards in  language  will be influenced by electronic forms of  communication, it is very hard to predict in any detail and with any certainty what this impact might be. (A. Hewings and M. Hewings,  Grammar and Context. Routledge, 2005) Alternate Spellings: txting

The Benefits of the Labor Division by Adam Smith Term Paper

Essays on The Benefits of the Labor Division by Adam Smith Term Paper ï » ¿Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith Adam Smith states that division of labour has various advantages, which enhance the productivity of a nation. However, the author further states that this is not because of human wisdom. Smith states that nations have to engage division of labour, which is a slow but gradual progress (Smith, 1776). For a nation to enhance its wealth there is a need for division of labour. This is where individuals engage in the same activity repetitively. As such, they perfect their work, which leads to an increase in the value of the products. This can be used to enhance trade, which in the 18th century was mostly barter trade. The author quips that all animals are dependent on each other in different occasions. However, when a human being or an animal needs the services of another, there is a need for an agreement (Smith and Bullock, 2007). The individual or animal with the services that are highly needed has to be persuaded to offer the services. On the other hand, the needy person or animal has t o make the approach known to the holder of the services. As such, they will be in constant communication in concern to the exchange of services. For example, when two hounds are chasing a single hare, they often look like they are in a concert, each fighting to get the hare. However, when looking closely at the situation, each hound is chasing the hare towards the other. In this situation, both hounds are in need of a service they do not have. Apparently, the hare is what they need. However, they have to make a strategy when chasing the hare. When they decide to chase the hare concurrently, they are in a sort of division of labour. Though they have no formal agreement, they are chasing for the same service. Ultimately, they catch the hare due to the division of labour. Human nature at times uses the same paradigm when they want some services that are not in their favour. As such, they have to gain the favour of the people that have the services. At times, this is not the occasion, which may lead to other avenues of finding the same services. For example, in the animal kingdom, animals resorts to fists and fights for the services they need (Smith, 1776). Apparently, humankind lives in a civilized society. Therefore, some avenues of finding the services they need are not allowed. As such, there is a need for cooperation and assistance from other people that own the services (Smith and Bullock, 2007). This leads to a situation where humankind has to make relations with other people, who will be dependent on their friendship. This is an avenue of ensuring humans have the services they need, especially when they do not have an avenue of getting the services. Strangely, this is not seen in the animal kingdom. When animals reach maturity, each animal is i ndependent. As such, they do not rely on cooperation and the help of other animals. This is a prevalent situation in the animals, as each animal longs for independence. Humankind has a different perspective when it comes to independence. Even after maturity, the human race will rely on the support of other humans to have an acceptable living. However, humankind has various avenues of survival and prevailing in life. For example, humans have a high likelihood of thriving, when they show priority in their self-interests. Smith states that love for individual interests is a proof to other human beings that services in the individual’s favour is to their advantage (Smith, 1776). This is seen especially when the individual requires the other people to do a favour in accordance to the individual’s interests. Such prevailing instances have led to interdependence in human beings, as they often state that when an individual offers a favour, it should be returned. From this statement, it is evident that each person has focus on personal interests. As a result, each person has to consider personal interests in each occasion. Conversely, the human kind is dependent on reciprocation of favuors, since each person has the interests that should be fulfilled (Fleischacker, 2004). This leads to interdependence, where a person expects a favour in return, after working on the interest of another individual. The wealth of nations is build through the personal interests of individuals. The human nature is based on fulfilling personal interests. For example, when humans need food, they have to get foodstuff from a butcher or a grocery. Apparently, the grocery and butcher have their personal interests, which are instigated by the love for one-self. When taking foodstuff from a grocery or a butcher, it is an advantage to the butcher and grocery. As such, the person in need of the services of the butcher of grocery has to return a favour in accordance to the services that are offered. In such instances, the wealth of nations is created, as people have to exchange services by returning favuors, which in the current world is money. From such a scenario, people have to look for resources, which are scarce. With the resources, they are in a position to exchange with the services they need. The exchange of service and money leads to creation of wealth, as the people with an advantage gain more tha n the people that need the services (Smith, 1776). For example, the grocery store and butcher have a gain from the services they offer to the people that need the stated services. In this scenario, Smith explains that humans do not address the issue of humanity by exchange of services. However, they exchange services due to the self-love of each individual. They have needs they need to satisfy in each situation. As such, they have to get other services in exchange. Consequentially, the advantageous person stands to gain than the person demanding a service. In addition to this, the author gives coherent explanations on other humans who do not have a favuor in exchange do not stand to gain in the scenario. For example, beggars do not have a service in exchange, when they need a favor from other people. As such, they depend on humanity of other individuals for their life. Strangely, this can be a way of creating wealth. At times, the services offered by other people who do not need fav uors in exchange can be overwhelming. This could lead to a self-sustenance situation. In Smith’s explanation, it is evident that nations have to create wealth for sustenance (Smith, 1776). Apparently, wealth is ostensibly created when humans exchange services in return for favuors. The favuors are explained as a form of transactions, where money is exchanged. As such, the economy stands to gain since people from different levels of the economy are gaining wealth. With an increased exchange of services in the economy, there is an increase in the wealth. The same applies to a nation, when there is an increase in the exchange of services (Smith and Bullock, 2007). This paradigm has been used by many nations in creating their wealth. The creation of wealth is classified in different levels. For example, there is the exchange of products on the individual level. This is where individuals trade products on an individual level. Similarly, there is the trade in which organizations exchange services in bulk. In addition to this, there is the exchange of services on the national level, where nations exchange products for gain. Using the explanation by Smith, it is evident that nations make wealth in such an avenue (Fleischacker, 2004). Consistent gain and improvement in the gains leads to creation of wealth. Consequentially, the people should also look for the resources, which are scarce. When they have resources for exchange of products, they will be in a position to freely exchange products. In conclusion, Smith’s explanation is considered one of the vital documents that were published in the 18th century. Even though this happened the same time when there was declaration of independence, the wealth of nations is still one of the prevalent documents in the history of the world. As a fact, this is due to the global impact of the document, as it has enhanced studies in the economic sense. For example, Smith opposed mercantilism, which stated that nations create wealth when they hoard to precious metals, limiting imports through tariffs, while increasing the exports. However, Smith’s explanation is greatly used, as it focuses on the fundamental aspect of wealth creation. References Fleischacker, S. (2004). On Adam Smith's Wealth of nations: A philosophical companion. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Smith, A. (1776). Of the principle which gives occasion to the division of labour. In The wealth of nations (Book 1). Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/3300/3300-h/3300-h.htm#link2HCH0002 Smith, A., Bullock, C. J. (2007). Wealth of nations. New York: Cosimo Classics.

Toshiba Laptop Specs free essay sample

For additional and most updated accessories, please visit www. accessories. toshiba. com Copyright 2007-2008 Toshiba America Information Systems Inc. All Rights reserved. TAIS shall not be liable for damages of any kind for use of this information, which is subject to change without notice. Satellite L305D-S5938 1. 0 Page 1 of 3 This product specification is variable and subject to change prior to product launch. Subject to Change While Toshiba has made every effort at the time of publication to ensure the accuracy of the information provided herein, product specifications, configurations, prices, system/component/options availability are all subject to change without notice. For the most up-to-date product information about your computer, or to stay current with the various computer software or hardware options, visit Toshiba’s Web site at http://www. pcsupport. toshiba. com Return Policy Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any third party License Agreement or product documentation supplied with your PC, Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. toshiba. com Qosmio, Satellite, Portege, Tecra, SelectBay, ConfigFree, SystemGuard, EasyGuard are registered trademarks of Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. nd/or Toshiba Corporation. All other products and names mentioned are the property of their respective owners. C1 64-bit computing: 64-bit computing requires that the following hardware and software requirements are met: 64-bit Operating System 64-bit CPU, Chipset and BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) 64-bit Device drivers 64-bit applications Certain device drivers and/or applications may not be compatible with a 64-bit CPU and therefore may not function properly. A 32-bit version of the operating system is preinstalled on your computer unless explicitly stated that the operating system is 64-bit. See Detailed Specs for more information. 1 Product Series Legal Footnote. The product specifications and configuration information are designed for a product Series. Your particular model may not have all the features and specifications listed or illustrated. For more detailed information about the features and specifications on your particular model, please visit Toshibas Web site at pcsupport. toshiba. com. Product Offering Legal Footnote. Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. reserves the right to modify or withdraw this offer at anytime without notice 2 Operating System. Some software may differ from its retail version (if available), and may not include user manuals or all program functionality. Offers. Offer terms, duration and product availability all subject to change without notice 3 Processor (Central Processing Unit). Also see 64-Bit Computing Legal Footnote, if applicable. CPU performance in your computer product may vary from specifications under the following conditions: 1. use of certain external peripheral products 2. use of battery power instead of AC power 3. use of certain multimedia, computer generated graphics or video applications Available storage capacity will also be less if the product includes one or more pre-installed operating systems, such as Microsoft Operating System and/or pre-installed software applications, or media content. Actual formatted capacity may vary. 6 5 Optical Drive. Due to manufacturing and quality variations in third party optical media (e. g. , CD or DVD) or optical media players/recorders, in certain cases, your Toshiba optical drive may not record on certain optical media that bear the applicable logo, or playback optical media recorded by other PCs or optical media recorders. Additionally, certain optical media recorded on your optical drive may not playback or operate properly on other PCs or optical media players. These problems are not due to any defect in your Toshiba PC or optical drive. Please refer to your PCs product specification for listing of specific format compatibilities. Recording or viewing of certain optical media may be limited or prevented in accordance with applicable copy protection standards. Display. Small bright dots may appear on your screen display when you turn on your PC. Your display contains an extremely large number of thin-film transistors (TFT) and is manufactured using high-precision technology. Any small bright dots that may appear on your display are an intrinsic characteristic of the TFT manufacturing technology. Over a period of time, and depending on the usage of the computer, the brightness of the screen will deteriorate. This is also an intrinsic characteristic of the screen technology. When the computer is operated on battery power, the screen with dim and you may not be able to increase the brightness of the screen while on battery power. 8 Graphics (Graphics Processing Unit). GPU performance may vary depending on product model, design configuration, applications, power management settings and features utilized. GPU performance is only optimized when operating in AC power mode and may decrease considerably when operating in battery power mode. 7 Total Available Graphics Memory is the total of, as applicable, Dedicated Video Memory, System Video Memory and Shared System Memory. Shared System Memory will vary depending on system memory size and other factors. 9 Modem Speed. Due to FCC limitations, speeds of 53 kbps are the maximum permissible transmission rates during download. Actual data transmission speeds will vary depending on line conditions. 10 Wireless. Wireless connectivity and some features may require you to purchase additional software, external hardware or services. Availability of public wireless LAN access points may be limited. The transmission speed over the wireless LAN and the distance over which wireless LAN can reach may vary depending on surrounding electromagnetic environment, obstacles, access point design and configuration, and client design and software/hardware configurations. The actual transmission speed will be lower than the theoretical maximum speed. To use the Atheros SuperAGâ„ ¢ or SuperGâ„ ¢ wireless function, if available, your client and access point must support the corresponding feature. Performance of these functions may vary depending on the format of data transmitted. 11 Weight. Weight may vary depending on product configuration, vendor components, manufacturing variability and options selected. 12 Battery Life. Battery life may vary considerably from specifications depending on product model, configuration, applications, power management settings and features utilized, as well as the natural performance variations produced by the design of individual components. Product activation procedures and Microsoft’s privacy policy will be detailed during initial launch of the product, or upon certain reinstallations of the software products or reconfigurations of the computer, and may be completed by Internet or telephone (toll charges may apply). Internet access is required to enable certain functionality of certain Microsoft products(including Microsoft Office Small Business Accounting 2006) which may be included with this computer. The Microsoft Office 2007 60-Day Trial software (if applicable) is intended for evaluation purposes only. You must activate the software before you can use it. Product activation procedures will be detailed during initial launch of the software; activation requires Internet access. This software has an expiration date of 60 days from date of first use, at which time the software will operate under reduced-functionality mode, limiting end-user options and operations. The Microsoft Office 2007 60-Day Trial software is distributed without charge to the End User Customer but if the End User wants to continue to use such product after the trial period, then the End User Customer will have to pay a fee for the perpetual version of such Office Product. 4 Temperature (Environmental) Conditions. All temperature references are approximate and the performance of your computer may vary from specifications even when operating within the recommended temperature range. 15 RoHS. This notebook is compatible with European Union Directive 2002/95/EC, Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS), which re stricts use of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE.